Fetal and neonatal status of mothers with obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

DOI: 10.52705/2788-6190-2024-04.1-01
УДК 618.5-053.31:616-056.52

The objective: to evaluate the peculiarities of pregnancy, fetal and neonatal status in women with
obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Materials and methods. 114 pregnant women and their newborns were examined, who made up
the following clinical groups: the first group – 32 (28.1%) obese women who were diagnosed with
GDM in pregnancy; the second group – 31 (27.2%) pregnant women with GDM at normal weight;
the third group – 31 (27.2%) obese pregnant women, the control group – 20 (17.5%) pregnant
women without obstetric and extragenital pathology.
The examination of pregnant women included a general clinical, laboratory and instrumental
examination. The fetal status of the examined pregnant women was established on the basis of
ultrasound examination of the fetoplacental complex, Doppler examination of the uterine arteries,
umbilical cord arteries, middle cerebral artery.
Results. Pregnant women with GDM on the background of obesity were more likely to be repeat births,
over 30 years of age with hypertensive disorders, vision pathology, and thyroid diseases. Obstetric
pathology was dominated by polyhydramnios (34.4%), placental dysfunction (18.8%), and preeclampsia (15.6%). Diabetic fetopathy was diagnosed in 31.3%, and fetal disturbances were observed
in 15.6% of women. Preterm labour occurred in 28.1%, 34.4% of pregnant women were delivered by
caesarean section, and 37.5% of fetuses were born with varying degrees of asphyxia. Fetal shoulder
dystocia was detected in 6.4% of women in labour. Hypoglycaemia (12.8%), CNS lesions (9.6%),
jaundice (5.3%), and respiratory distress syndrome (6.4%) were observed in newborns.
Conclusions. Obese women often have complications during pregnancy in the form of gestational
diabetes mellitus, which leads to diabetic fetopathy, placental dysfunction, caesarean section due
to fetal distress or macrosomia, which requires careful attention to the fetus and newborn to
prevent perinatal complications.