Features of the reproductive system of women with Graves’ disease

Abstract

DOI: 10.52705/2788-6190-2024-04.2-06
УДК 618.17/.5-039:616.441-008.61

The objective: study of the main clinical aspects of reproductive system disorders in Graves’ disease.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of examination and treatment of 250 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CG (group І) and a prospective group of 58 women of reproductive age with a confirmed diagnosis of CG, disorders of menstrual cycle (MC) and reproductive function (group ІІ) was conducted. The age of all patients with CG ranged from 18 to 45 years and was, on average, 33.5 ± 8.2 years in group І and 32.9 ± 8.3 years in group ІІ. In group І, 48.4% of women were aged 35–45 years, 33.2% of patients were aged 25 to 34 years, and 18.4% of women were aged 18 to 24 years. In group 2, women of middle reproductive age (from 25 to 34 years) prevailed – 46.5% of patients; the proportion of patients of the older age subgroup was 36.2%, and 17.2% of women were aged 18–25 years.
Results. Against the background of thyrotoxicosis, menstrual cycle disorders were noted in women, in the structure of which oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea prevailed, respectively. Premature and early onset of menopause was detected in women of both groups. Restoration of the normal nature of menstrual cycle after achieving compensation of thyrotoxicosis was noted in
most women of both groups. In all women with follicle stimulating hormone against the background of thyrotoxicosis, the
concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood plasma was sharply reduced. The results obtained demonstrate a tendency to decrease all parameters of ovarian reserve in women with CG: an increase in the average level of follicle-stimulating hormone, a decrease in the levels of inhibin B and AMH in the blood plasma, a decrease in the volume of ovaries and the
number of antral follicles.
Conclusion. The results of the conducted studies confirmed the relevance of the problem of reproductive system disorders in women with Graves’ disease. The data obtained by us must be taken into account when developing an algorithm of diagnostic and therapeutic and preventive measures to restore reproductive function in women of high risk with Graves’ disease.